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Cancel household registration system on the significance of economic and social development in China


(A) of the central and western ideas and the development of market economy

China's western development strategy has made a good start in 2000, the western region's GDP and retail sales of social consumer goods grew by 8.6% and 9.2% , growth has accelerated markedly, annual investment in fixed assets were 394.2 billion yuan, up 14.4 percent, higher than the national average. The first phase of development is characterized by: the Government-led investment, infrastructure construction, while Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi'an and other cities developed rapidly.

the second phase of the central and western development thinking is not clear. What is the external environment? Development mechanism? Led to a planned economy or the market-led economy? Achieve? Chinese papers League finishing.

follow the path of reform and opening up 22 years to globalization, market into the basic mechanisms, advocated the development of Shenzhen's model 80 is applied to the west, the Central Government has given a lot of preferential policies, it is absolutely necessary, for backward Regions of preferential policies are not contrary to

to advance development of the west will increase investment, focus on the implementation of preferential policies in taxation, land, resources,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and human resources. Countries in the western region of the industries encouraged domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises, in a certain period of time, reduced to 15% income tax; on in the western region in transport, power, water conservancy, postal services, radio and television enterprises , two-year exemption from enterprise income tax, three halved; expansion of foreign banks, commercial retail enterprises, foreign enterprises to invest in the pilot program; simplify approval procedures for foreign investment projects; go on to the western tourists, investors into exit convenient. Expected there would be more preferential policies the State, such as government investment into the discount to attract more private investment for development, contracting resources to foreign investment, encouraging people to work, and so the Midwest.

but these ideas will not solve the fundamental problem in central and western development. By globalization, market-based incentives system is based on private investment as the main export-oriented economy to external demand as the goal, as the central economic efficiency of enterprises, enterprises in the Midwest and coastal areas to choose between, which The concept of opportunity cost of investment. Clearly, the largest number of domestic and foreign private capital, will still be put into coastal areas, because the Midwest's natural, transport, social and cultural conditions, and the people's income by the contact of the domestic market, do not have the conditions for generating high-yield investments.

1999, China's foreign direct investment has improved the regional distribution structure of the eastern region in the share of total foreign investment declined slightly. Eastern part of newly approved foreign-invested enterprises 13,953, the amount of 35.065 billion U.S. dollars of contracted foreign capital actually utilized 35.434 billion U.S. dollars of foreign capital, foreign investment in the country's share of the total were 82.47%, 85.06% and 87.88%. Central newly approved 2100 foreign-invested enterprises, the amount of 4.118 billion U.S. dollars of contracted foreign capital, foreign investment in the country's share of the total were 12.41% and 9.99%, the proportion increased by 0.11 and 1.54 percentage points; the actual use of foreign capital the amount of $ 3,747,000,000, the proportion to the previous year. Western newly approved 865 foreign-invested enterprises, contracted foreign investment 2.04 billion U.S. dollars, the actual use of foreign investment 1.138 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the proportion of the total foreign investment were 5.11%, 4.95% and 2.82%; and the proportion of compared to the amount of contracted foreign investment increased 0.34 percentage points.

the end of 1999, the country has approved the establishment of enterprises, contractual foreign investment and actual use of foreign investment in eastern areas the proportion was 82.13%, 88.13% and 87.84%; the proportion of the central region were 12.86%, 8% and 8.94%; the proportion of the western region was 5.01%, 3.87% and 3.22%. Among them, the central and western regions in a total contract amount and the actual use of foreign capital share of foreign capital than the end of 1997, respectively, increased the proportion of months and +0.11 +0.36 percentage points. The largest foreign investment in the country five provinces are: Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shanghai and Shandong, and has approved the establishment of foreign invested enterprises, foreign investment contracts, the actual use of foreign investment, respectively, accounting for 55.85% of total foreign investment, 63.35% and 64.25%; foreign investment in the country for at least the five provinces are: Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Gansu, has approved the establishment of foreign invested enterprises, contracted foreign investment, the country's total actual use of foreign capital were 0.89% of total foreign investment, 0.41 % and 0.38%.

Obviously, if there is no effective national capital and promote preferential policies, foreign and domestic private capital in the main, still will flow to coastal areas. 12 western provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, accounting for area of ​​71.3 percent, accounting for population 1 / 4, GDP accounted for only 18% of the country. At least 2010, the gap between western and coastal areas will still continue to widen, the preferential policies, at best, merely postpone the speed gap opened it.



blind imitation of the coastal areas is one of the theoretical basis of

to international trade, This is a serious theoretical misleading.

international trade and domestic trade of the fundamental difference is that labor can not flow freely across borders, capital will flow to the developed countries to developing countries. Within a country, even if there are account restrictions, the basic free flow of labor, the Midwest almost unlimited labor, will spontaneously flow into coastal areas, coastal areas, but not the spontaneous flow of capital behind the central and western regions. Even if the Shenzhen site saturated, it will only to foreign-invested enterprises in Dongguan, Dongguan City, can accommodate a majority of electronics companies in Taiwan. Dalian city in order to develop the tertiary industry, with high taxes go out of the industrial enterprises, but only pushed Liaoning Province, the Perhaps the serious water shortage in northern heavy industry would move southwest, which is not dominated by market forces, but a sudden deterioration in the natural environment and resource depletion caused.

even Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, still has space to accommodate the huge investment, such as subway construction has just begun. Shanghai's existing rail mileage of 65 km total, the proposed Metro 11, 384 kilometers long, 10 light rail line, about 186 km, an average of 15-20 km to build, need to invest 100 billion yuan, the overall need for 3000 billion. Beijing hosting the Olympic Games, hundreds of billions of investment in 8 years, when saturated?

my analysis, with the most They think: behind the eastern part of central and western development is the result of market reform is not enough, that is, freedom is not enough; I admit that the system does not hinder the free flow of capital from east to west, mostly east of the comprehensive investment environment better, in the systems and personnel, open than Western thought. But from the modern investment science, factor mobility point of view, then draw the opposite conclusion: precisely because the reform and opening up China to increase social freedom, in particular the free movement of labor, only widened the gap between east and west. If you continue to the economy of Liberty line, such as the abolition of the city accounts, the Midwest into the eastern region will be further labor, the gap will continue to widen.
the role of WTO accession, and the market economy is consistent with the idea that most foreign investors will be put into the eastern coastal areas.

(b) the basic content of the central and western development

first, transfer and migration as the center of the land improvement.

development can be divided into central and western Northwest and Southwest. Northwest is the key to transfer and development resources. After successful transfer, you can guide the migration incentives: After the state-owned wasteland for planning, organizing large numbers of farmers to the family as a unit for development. Developed the right to use farmland and towns, 100 years, the contract to the developer. Southwest Key is backed by the government to big corporations as the main guide to international trade, immigration then follow up the development of the Southeast Asian region, Sichuan and Chongqing's economy into the sea in the Indian Ocean, rather than 3600 km outside of Shanghai.
countries focused and strive to 5 --- 10 years to make a breakthrough in developing the western region. To achieve this grand goal, identify the infrastructure and ecological environment construction, special economic and technological education as a key development areas, and building a global group of development in the West has a key role in key projects. Select the existing economic base while better location advantage, a relatively dense population along the transportation routes and in some parts of the city hub, as key development areas. To line strings point to point, and relying on the Eurasian Continental Bridge, Yangtze River, southwest to the sea, for the West Longhai line economic belt, Yangtze River economic belt, South (rather) expensive (yang) Queensland (Ming) economic zone The formation of these traffic arteries in a number of key development on the central city, drive around the region.
challenging water diversion project, will be built is the world's largest water diversion project. Three lines, Eastern investment needs 150 billion yuan; the center line of 30 million people involved in large-scale immigration. Middle and east of the main works to the water line 2,600 kilometers, and project investment of about 200 billion yuan (not including other costs such as equipment, land, etc.), involving seven provinces and cities, hundreds of millions of people. West water transfer, if successful, will be transferred to the Yangtze River Yellow River water through canals leading to the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the desert into an oasis, which can accommodate 2 million people.
along the water transfer along the establishment of settlements. The poor to move