nlwxpearo
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 Posted: Tue 22:56, 22 Feb 2011 Post subject: China and Singapore's housing security system of _ |
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China's housing security system of Singapore
Abstract: China and Singapore on a comparative analysis of the housing security system, China's housing security system to identify the gap between developed countries and make some improvements and improve housing security system, comments and suggestions to China's housing security system to provide useful help to improve. Keywords: housing support; Singapore; fund 1 Singapore's housing security system Singapore is a market economy country, but in housing construction and distribution distribution and sale of the Government to take the form of combining the market, but not completely through the market to achieve, namely the Government, the investment in building low-income housing and provided with compensation in the market to provide housing to high-income class system. Specific models are as follows: 1.1 construction of affordable housing Singapore by specialized agencies - the Housing Development Board for investment and construction, unified in providing protection of low-income housing (HDB); high income housing, investment and construction by private investors. It is because of the Singapore Housing and Development Board and the corresponding supporting policies to support, so the protection of housing land supply, to raise funds for construction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], housing construction, etc. can be unified planning implementation and enforcement of good coordination. 1.2 security system housing provident fund in Singapore to solve the important problem of residential housing is its complete guarantee fund system, which is the construction and implementation of Singapore HDB u> Financial [/u] support. Singapore provident fund system established in 1955, which is paid by employers and employees to address the retirement security of employees in a mandatory savings system. 1.3 Classification of housing subsidies to protect Singapore strictly determined by family income level to enjoy the housing security,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], housing shortages only during the more than 800 Singapore dollars monthly income families do not qualify tenure of housing. Government subsidies for home buyers also use hierarchical approach: a set of two-compartment, and one-third of government subsidies; three rooms set, and the government subsidies only 5%; four-room set,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the government not only failed to subsidies, and of cost plus 5% profit; five-room set,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the government at cost price plus 15% of the profits. As housing prices, the sale of affordable housing profits earned must pay part of the Housing and Development Board. This provision essentially guarantees in low-income families to buy affordable housing. 1.4 reasonably affordable housing affordable housing placement After the completion of the Housing and Development Board to the standard level of income of citizens, in accordance with the principle of fair and reasonable allocation of housing. Way of placing orders by the registration system to the ballot draw system, lottery presided over by the constituency members of Congress, but also enhance the authority and representation. 1.5 sound affordable housing laws and regulations real estate developers in order to prevent speculation and protect the interests of low-income housing groups, the Singapore government to develop a detailed and comprehensive laws and regulations. For example, the housing development of affordable housing will be defined as live; HDB after 5 years of purchase shall not transfer, nor for commercial operation, or face legal penalties. In addition, the implementation of property tax in Singapore, in accordance with the provisions of owners to sell their houses to buy less than a year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to pay high property taxes, which stabilize commodity prices, put an end to 2 China's housing security system 2.1 housing provident fund system in China's housing fund is a long-term housing savings. Employees during the employees themselves and their work units shall be according to individual workers wages and total wages paid in a certain proportion, belong to individual employees, as employees of individual housing fund. The higher wages are paid by individuals and businesses the more the more of their income, therefore, motivate employees to work hard with fund characteristics. 2.2 system of affordable housing 1998, the State Council issued the cities and towns to provide affordable housing low-income families, is a combined economics and applicability of commercial housing. Government, through the reduction of land transfer payments and tax breaks and other ways to promote real estate companies in low-income families are able to provide below-market price of residences. 2.3 low-rent housing system targeted at low income urban families. Urban low-rent housing is the government and the field of social housing units in the implementation of the social and public welfare and social security functions, namely urban permanent residents with the lowest income families account the relatively low rent housing. Low-rent housing rent not buy, rent to the lowest income urban residents. Low-rent housing system and housing security system in China last line of defense, on the lowest income families the implementation of housing security is undoubtedly a basic human right to life affirmation. protection is non-market means low-rent housing system, the occupancy need only to provide low rent. But with the market and real estate companies to provide funds for construction of affordable housing system compared to low-cost housing construction funds are mainly provided by the government, property rights belong to the state, tenants only have a temporary residence.
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