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China's rural economic development, health Dynasty


Chinese papers League finishing. Paper Keywords: rural labor resources; flow; automatic stabilizers Abstract: The loss of rural land, farmers on the land investment, sustainable development, and several other aspects of the analysis, pointed out that China's rural economic development health is a serious waste of land resources, human resources development potential is very limited As the economy of research, increasing awareness of natural elements only, technical and socio-economic development of three major preferences basic resource elements is not enough. (New) system, studies have shown an economist. System is the 4th largest economic theory pillar of the economic behavior of the system is very important, land, labor and capital resources and other production factors can only have a reasonable system to be functioning. System is a social, economic, historical development, to a certain stage of the product, is an important factor in economic development. China's rural economic development is inseparable from land, labor and capital resources in the most basic elements of 3 large, can not do without the associated social and economic development policy - the system resources. Since the reform and opening up, China's rural economy has undergone enormous changes, people's living standards improved significantly. But China is a large agricultural country, the country's total population of the rural population is still large, population pressure will continue to increase and available land resources in rural China, especially the contradiction between declining arable land resources. Face of economic globalization, the development trend of information technology, agricultural product prices, quality of competition will become more intense, and the current production of China's rural economy into large, output of small, low-tech, resource utilization and conversion rate is not high, agricultural labor stagnating productivity, a growing gap between urban and rural areas, farmers increase the difficulties and the existence of a large number of rural surplus labor, and many more and more problems to a large extent influence and restrict the healthy development of China's rural economy, mainly reflected in the following aspects. 1 wastage rural land in 24 provinces, municipalities, the researchers report,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the current national development zones has reached 5658, of which only the State Council approved the 232, the provincial government approved 1019. According to statistics, an area of ​​3.6 million various types of development zones hm2, urban construction over the existing 3.15 million hm2 of land combined. State Council Development Research Center of Rural Economy Minister Han Jun, the This is the number of occupied approval according to law, not including break indicators, illegal land acquisition and some parts of rural land without authorization. Satellite remote sensing data show that the illegal occupation of an area to the total number of general accounting for 20% to 30%, in some places up to 80% l4J. Land is a special kind of resource, with the dual characteristics of resources and assets, but also has multiple functions such as preservation and appreciation. Farmers to earn a living while rich land is indispensable to the most valuable capital and land to farmers, a social security. Since 2000. National total of 46,900 violations of land, cultivated land area involved 15318hm2. Them. Investigation and 33900, covering cultivated land 13583hm2 recent years, many local governments adopted various policies to speed up the process of urban and rural areas, rural areas have basically achieved a lot of villages accessible by road, if indeed the proceedings in accordance with the provisions of the development of national urban and rural areas co-ordination, speed up rural economic development will be a very important role. However, many towns and villages in order to speed up the urban and rural development as a cover name of If the indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land has not been effectively addressed, will be the rapid decline of rural land resources, will seriously affect the healthy development of agriculture, may restrict the sustainable development of the national economy. 2 farmers in recent years, the predatory business on land and abandoned in the 20th century the phenomenon of conspicuous 90 inputs in the land of peasants appeared substances, markedly reduced the labor input, light weight long-term effectiveness of near-term benefits, re- the overall transformation of local into light and heavy experience in light technology issues. Farmers to increase output, are often not conducive to sustainable land use to make things, such as additional facilities pesticides, fertilizers and increased irrigation will increase the land area is generally short-term outputs, but improper use can also cause soil compaction and pollution or soil erosion and salinity and other damage to the phenomenon of long-term productivity of land. In addition, because farmers collective ownership of the land contract, the right to use only. It was feared that the policy change, there has been extensive looting operation and management situation. This will result in decreased resilience of land, the land becoming less and less effective. In recent years, rural land abandonment is very serious, mainly for the recessive and dominant abandoned abandoned 2. Outstanding performance in order to reduce implicit abandonment of production inputs, reducing cropping, no get rich but to the phenomenon of the rise of self-sufficiency and other extensive farming; dominant mainly as workers abandoned the weak households, families go out to his family, land contract disputes and in previous years In Yuzhong District, for example, according to statistics, in recent years, there were altogether abandoned land 2170hm2, accounting for 7.29% of the total area of ​​cultivated land, of which some village land abandonment rates as high as 40%. 3 farmers operating land fragmentation and crushing not only the existence of a very large population pressure, and land resources are extremely nervous, the shortcomings of the rural tier management system increasingly to the fore. Farmers manage the land fragmentation and fragmentation is caused by stagnant agricultural productivity is an important reason. Such as 1999, cultivated land per household is only 0.53lml2, but was divided into 6.06 L1, land fragmentation is evident. Li Gongkui other have pointed out in the early 20th century, 80 the implementation of household contract responsibility system, in the promotion of agricultural production, increase farmers income, but also the average distribution of land, rendering farmers operating land further decentralization, fragmentation characteristics. Farmers in China in 2003 the average family size of 0.5 land management, land owned per household was 5.722, the average block area of ​​about 0.09hm2, in some areas, agricultural land fragmentation phenomenon is more prominent. Land fragmentation and crushing operation so that farmers can not achieve economies of scale, higher operating costs, but also makes the ridge, ridge and other border areas of soil are more abnormal tension to the already cultivated land resources become more strained. In addition, because of land fragmentation and crushing operations, land irrigation efficiency, fertilization efficiency, harvesting efficiency, and daily management of the relatively low efficiency, further affecting the agricultural labor productivity, which leads to higher agricultural production costs, reduce agricultural production the level. Therefore, lack of rural economic development traction in which the body is further slowed down the rate of self-repair, but also further weakened the rural economy, the body's ability to repair itself. 4 China's rural economic development of the system resources are relatively scarce rural tier management system of institutional arrangements effectively confined the flow of rural resources, which for the sustainable development of rural economy is very bad, in the way of business objectives and business can not be market economy and the needs of the development of agriculture itself. On the one hand, tier management system of collective organization and the relationship between the non-farmers market, and not by the market economy in the formation of a combination of voluntary interests, but by the dependency of farmers on land and the forced combination of administrative relationship together, farmers do not withdraw the right to restrict the flow of land, the land transfer has always lacked the necessary theoretical basis and policy support; the other hand, the collective economic organizations with a clear legal status can not be the main market. The current two-tier management system in the village collective economic organizations often photogenic in the organization and functions on the overlap, the pursuit of economic gain, the development of public welfare, job placement and other multiple objectives, with a clear characteristics. Because the rural tier management system of these defects, leading to farmers do not advocate their own interests, not self-defense capability, the main land with a strong in a weak position in negotiations, a serious loss of land and other resources. At the same time the land transfer system, a lack of innovation, resulting willing to farm people can not get economies of scale in farming rather than farming the land who will be abandoned, not conducive to rural economic development. Restraining effect on the household registration system is also evident, mainly in the interests of the peasants by the huge losses, such as farmers and urban residents can not enjoy the same public welfare, and urban industrial civilization can not enjoy the fruits of civilization; strictly limited farmers employment options, limiting the value of human capital of farmers established the possibility of fully realized; hinder the improvement of the quality of farmers, resulting in its into the existing urban, rural areas can not in the existing construction of a new city, the existing flow of people I = 1 is inhibited the positive role, there farmers Rural Land Contract Law 2007 But the rural land market is not perfect, the corresponding price mechanism is not perfect, not necessarily rural workers in cities and urban residents to enjoy the same treatment, the rural medical security system has not been established, although some areas also carry out insurance activities gradually , but the insurers, not the establishment of the farmers on the basis of voluntary insurance, which largely reduces farmers trust the government.