|
 |
|
 |
|
|
 |
www.heavensgatel2.fora.pl
Heavens Gate Lineage 2
|
 |
|
The time now is Fri 23:35, 11 Apr 2025
|
Author |
Message |
logoxgvb
Joined: 30 Aug 2010 Posts: 1580
Read: 0 topics
Warns: 0/5 Location: hdfttv
|
Posted: Sat 23:46, 07 May 2011 Post subject: christian louboutin sko Crisis turning point oppor |
|
|
Crisis turning point opportunities - on the packaging industry response to the global financial crisis and economic recession Thinking
The capacity of enterprises is different. Low-end market, small businesses face the double problem of operations and cash flow become less competitive, the number and variety, and only by the price war to maintain. And large enterprises more competitive, they better cash position, focus more on quality, technology and product development, service diversification. Therefore, in order to carry out large-scale industrial enterprises as the core integration imperative,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the pace faster and faster. Large enterprises through intensive acquisitions become more powerful. On the other hand, large, small and medium enterprises can also be based on the location of the industrial chain to form the alliance, the formation of industrial clusters, reducing the cost and improve the credit guarantee industry capacity. Both are conducive to development of the industry to address the crisis. 6. Technological innovation and structural adjustment. Corporate response to the crisis, the fundamental way out of the dilemma is to adjust the structure, and upgrading. Strengthening technological innovation and high technological transformation is the fundamental policy. Path can be two. One is to strengthen the independent innovation, strengthening R & D, access to intellectual property. And Industry of Shenzhen City Star Co., Ltd. for the packaging industry where we provide a valuable experience. Their long-term development focus from the enterprise, 8g-ago established enterprise technology centers around the development strategy of innovation, implementation of technology to follow / catch-up strategies and low-cost strategy, made nearly two years to five inventors @ U ~ I: II4 utility model patents, the industry has a number of the first, to fill the many gaps in support of innovation and development of enterprises, and has become the industry has high technology, high quality,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], high value-added one of the backbone. The other way, you can also use the international economic crisis on favorable terms to introduce advanced technology and equipment to fill gaps in the industry to enhance competitiveness. It should be emphasized that, in the packaging industry restructuring,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we must attach great importance to the development of recycling of packaging waste resources, industry, and take the development of circular economy illl1l2l China Packaging road. 7. Ensure quality, stabilize the market. Expansion of domestic demand has been first and foremost as a national economic strategy. There are three conditions which require expansion, one should have sufficient purchasing power, the Government has taken to improve the urban and rural incomes, improve the social security system policy; two multi-level needs have to adapt to market the products, companies are developing production; three to ensure quality of products so that consumers buy with confidence. Product quality issues related to consumer confidence and market stability prosperity. In recent years, numerous quality problems occur in China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], resulting in domestic and international criticism of the. Packaging is an important component of quality of goods, especially food and drugs in the inner packaging, between people's health, can not be taken lightly. 8. Strengthen management and improve efficiency. Central Economic Work Conference emphasized the development of our cost-effective to the development. Improve efficiency, one by technical progress, and on scientific management. Extensive management has been the weakness of many companies. In this economic adjustment, the company must take to strengthen management into a more central position, and carefully manage the quality, carefully manage the project, and carefully manage the funds, and carefully manage human resources, real repeated appeals over the years management to be effective, 9. Emphasis Association, escort. Reform of national institutions this year, the newly established Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which is to strengthen China's industrial development and management of important initiatives. October 23, Zhang Dejiang the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister Li Industry Association hosted the head of the forum to convey an important government reform measures: reform of government administrative functions, further play the role of industry associations. Meeting heard the views of various industry associations and suggestions, will this put a file to be implemented. Industry associations to enhance business and government in the future of communication and interaction, to promote the industry development, will play an even more special and indispensable role. China Packaging Federation and the provinces, local Packaging Technology Association to become the spokesman for the packaging industry, a packaging company's home and became close friends packed entrepreneurs to actively expand the business services side, the company escort. Packaging enterprises also have to understand the significance of the reform government functions, to participate in associations, through the Association of channels, reflecting the aspirations of the masters. 10. United together to ride out the storm. It is recommended that all entrepreneurs to do business within the leadership,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], employees, investors, people project. In times of crisis, the people of the polymer and the spirit of the joint efforts of the valuable wealth and power companies. Business leaders must be promptly informed of business to the situation facing workers, the report respond to the initiatives, to listen to the views of staff, to gain their understanding and support, united together to ride out the storm. All entrepreneurs and friends: I wish everyone in the world financial crisis and economic adjustment in the storm, see the world, by training and long experience. Sunny will be a rainbow after the storm, China is to come out the winner.
相关的主题文章:
Abercrombie France Performance Analysis package cu
[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
alexa mulberry taske Printed a number of reasons f
The post has been approved 0 times
|
|
Back to top |
|
|
|
 |
Author |
Message |
ZdenekEt
Guest
|
Posted: Sat 5:59, 01 Apr 2017 Post subject: budete muset pokladní softwarer? |
|
|
budete muset pokladni system pro restaurace?
2817
|
|
Back to top |
|
Author |
Message |
AlyarJat
Guest
|
Posted: Thu 1:52, 25 May 2017 Post subject: Yandex |
|
|
Êàëüêóëÿòîð ÒÎ, ýòî î÷åíü ïðîñòî è óäîáíî äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ öåíû íà îáñëóæèâàíèå âàøåãî Volvo, ñòîèìîñòü òî xc 60 xc 90 è äðóãèõ ìîäåëåé
ÂîëüâîÐåãóëÿðíîå ïðîâåäåíèå ÒÎ ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàëîãîì äîëãîé áåççàáîòíîé ðàáîòû Âàøåãî àâòîìîáèëÿ. Òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ
àâòîìîáèëåé Âîëüâî íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâîäèòü êàæäûå 20 000 êèëîìåòðîâ èëè ðàç â ãîä, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî, ÷òî íàñòóïèò ðàíüøå. Äëÿ áûñòðîãî
ðàñ÷åòà ñòîèìîñòè ïðåäñòîÿùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ïðåäëàãàåì âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ íàøèì ïðèëîæåíèåì «Êàëüêóëÿòîð Òλ. Ìû ñïåöèàëüíî
ðàçðàáîòàëè äàííóþ ïðîãðàììó äëÿ ýêîíîìèè äðàãîöåííîãî âðåìåíè íàøèõ êëèåíòîâ.Âåñü ïåðå÷åíü ðàáîò ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îôèöèàëüíîìó
òåõíè÷åñêîìó ðåãëàìåíòó îáñëóæèâàíèÿ àâòîìîáèëåé Âîëüâî â Ðîññèè. Ìû ïîäáåðåì Âàì îïòèìàëüíîå ðåøåíèå ïî òåõíè÷åñêîìó îáñëóæèâàíèþ,
cîõðàíèâ íàäåæíîñòü Âàøåãî Âîëüâî, âðåìÿ è äåíüãè. Âû÷èñëèòü ñòîèìîñòü òî âîëüâî õñ60 ìîæíî â êàëüêóëÿòîðå, äîñòàòî÷íî òî÷íî. ïðîñòî
óêàæèòå òèï çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé è ïðîáåã âàøåãî Âîëüâî õñ60.Âàì íåîáõîäèìî çàäàòü âñåãî ëèøü 3 ïàðàìåòðà: ìîäåëü, äâèãàòåëü è ïðîáåã, è
Âû ñìîæåòå îïåðàòèâíî óçíàòü ñòîèìîñòü ðàáîò ïî âàøåìó àâòîìîáèëþ Volvo ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ÒÎ:
Âû ìîæåòå ñðàçó óçíàòü ñòîèìîñòü ÒÎ Volvo: îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ ðåãëàìåíòîì ðàáîò ÒÎ äëÿ Âàøåãî àâòîìîáèëÿ ðàññ÷èòàòü ñòîèìîñòü ðàáîò
ïëàíîâîãî ÒÎ äëÿ âàøåãî Âîëüâî îòïðàâèòü çàÿâêó íà ðàñ÷åò òî÷íîé ïîëíîé ñòîèìîñòè çàïèñàòüñÿ íà ÒÎ, ñîõðàíèâ ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ
Ïî÷åìó ìû íå ðàññ÷èòûâàåì ïîëíóþ ñòîèìîñòü ÒÎ Volvo?Ïîëíàÿ ñòîèìîñòü Âàøåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ çàâèñèò îò ìíîæåñòâà ôàêòîðîâ:
òèïà ïðèìåíÿåìûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ (îðèãèíàëüíûå èëè íå îðèãèíàëüíûå) ñïåö ïðåäëîæåíèé è äåéñòâóþùèõ àêöèé èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé ïî
îáñëóæèâàíèþ Âàøåãî ÂîëüâîÊàëüêóëÿòîð ÒÎ * Ðàññ÷èòàéòå òî÷íóþ ñòîèìîñòü ÒÎ íà âàø VOLVO Ìèô î íå îðèãèíàëüíûõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòÿõ è âûãîäå
èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ Íà ðûíêå àâòîìîáèëüíûõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé ñóùåñòâóåò îãðîìíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé. Ñðåäè íèõ åñòü õîðîøèå è íå î÷åíü.
Ïðè ïîêóïêå çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé, íàïðèìåð, ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ÒÎ Volvo, âëàäåëüöû àâòîìîáèëåé çàäóìûâàþòñÿ îá ýêîíîìèè ñðåäñòâ è âûáèðàþò òàê
íàçûâàåìûå íå îðèãèíàëüíûå çàïàñíûå ÷àñòè.Íå îðèãèíàëüíûå çàïàñíûå ÷àñòè – ýòî çàïàñíûå ÷àñòè, êîòîðûå ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ íåçàâèñèìûìè
êîìïàíèÿìè. Òàêèå êîìïàíèè ñóçèëè ñâîþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü äî âûïóñêà îïðåäåëåííîé ãðóïïû çàï÷àñòåé. Ïðè ýòîì âûïóñê çàï÷àñòåé ìîæåò ïðîèçâîäèòüñÿ
ïîä ìàðêîé êîìïàíèè-ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿ, ëèáî ïîä äðóãèìè ìàðêàìè.«Íåîðèãèíàë», êàê ïðàâèëî, ñòîèò äåøåâëå îðèãèíàëüíûõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé.
Íå ñòîèò çàáûâàòü, ÷òî êà÷åñòâî òàêèõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò çàâîäñêèõ. Äàâàéòå ðàññìîòðèì ïðèìåíåíèå
«íåîðèãèíàëà» íà äâóõ îñíîâíûõ êàòåãîðèÿõ çàï÷àñòåé.Ôèëüòðà äëÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ Âîëüâî  2008 ãîäó çàâîä-èçãîòîâèòåëü Volvo
óâåëè÷èë ìåæñåðâèñíûé èíòåðâàë áëàãîäàðÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèþ âûñîêîêà÷åñòâåííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ. Íåîðèãèíàëüíûå ôèëüòðà ìîãóò íå îáåñïå÷èâàòü íà
âñåì ìåæñåðâèñíîì èíòåðâàëå òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ Âîëüâî êà÷åñòâåííóþ î÷èñòêó îò çàãðÿçíåíèé. Ïîïàäàíèå èíîðîäíûõ ÷àñòèö â ñèñòåìû
ñíèæàåò ñðîê ñëóæáû è íàäåæíîñòü Âàøåãî Âîëüâî. À ïëîõîå êà÷åñòâî íå îðèãèíàëüíîãî ñàëîííîãî ôèëüòðà âðåäèò Âàøåìó çäîðîâüþ.Âàæíûì
ïàðàìåòðîì ôèëüòðîâ òàêæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ èõ ïðîïóñêíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü. Åñëè ôèëüòð íå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òðåáîâàíèÿì çàâîäà-èçãîòîâèòåëÿ, ýòî áóäåò
ñêàçûâàòüñÿ íà ðàáîòó ñèñòåì. Ìàøèíà áóäåò ïëîõî çàâîäèòñÿ è íå ðàçâèâàòü ìîùíîñòü â ñëó÷àå ïðîáëåì ñ òîïëèâíûì è âîçäóøíûì ôèëüòðîì.
Íåïðàâèëüíàÿ ðàáîòà ìàñëÿíîãî ôèëüòðà ïðèâåäåò ê ìàñëÿíîìó ãîëîäàíèþ äâèãàòåëÿ è âûõîäó åãî èç ñòðîÿ.Òîðìîçíûå êîëîäêè. Ê òîðìîçíûì
êîëîäêàì, êàê ê îñíîâíûì ýëåìåíòàì ñèñòåìû áåçîïàñíîñòè Âîëüâî, ïðåäúÿâëÿþòñÿ âûñîêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ. Îíè äîëæíû îáåñïå÷èâàòü íàäåæíîå
ñöåïëåíèå ñ òîðìîçíûì äèñêîì, èìåòü ñòàáèëüíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ. Òðåáîâàíèÿ ïî çâóêîâûì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì òàêæå
èìåþò âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ âëàäåëüöåâ.Äåøåâûå è íèçêîêà÷åñòâåííûå òîðìîçíûå êîëîäêè ÷àñòî èçäàþò ïîñòîðîííèå çâóêè ïðè òîðìîæåíèè.
Òîðìîçíûå ñâîéñòâà ïðè õîëîäíûõ òîðìîçíûõ ìåõàíèçìàõ êàê ïðàâèëî ó íèõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþò òðåáîâàíèÿì çàâîäà-èçãîòîâèòåëÿ. Íî ñòîèò íåìíîãî
ïîòîðìîçèòü, êàê ýôôåêòèâíîñòü òîðìîæåíèÿ ïàäàåò â ðàçû. Òàêæå íå ñòîèò çàáûâàòü è î ðåñóðñå êîëîäîê è äèñêîâ. Çàâîä-èçãîòîâèòåëü
òùàòåëüíî ïîäáèðàåò ñîñòàâ ôðèêöèîííûõ íàêëàäîê, èñõîäÿ èç ïàðàìåòðîâ ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñêîðîñòè, âåñà àâòîìîáèëÿ, ïðèâîäà, ìåæñåðâèñíîãî
èíòåðâàëà ÒÎ Volvo è ìíîãèõ äðóãèõ. Êàê ïîêàçûâàåò ïðàêòèêà, íå îðèãèíàëüíûå êîëîäêè äåëàþò èëè ìÿã÷å, ÷òî ïðèâîäèò èõ ê áûñòðîìó èçíîñó,
èëè æåñò÷å, ÷òî ïðèâîäèò ê ïðåæäåâðåìåííîìó âûõîäó èç ñòðîÿ òîðìîçíûõ äèñêîâ.Îðèãèíàëüíûå òîðìîçíûå êîëîäêè îáëàäàþò îïòèìàëüíûìè äëÿ
äàííîãî àâòîìîáèëÿ ñâîéñòâàìè.ÈÒÎÃÎ Ïðè âûáîðå çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé ìû ðåêîìåíäóåì ðóêîâîäñòâîâàòüñÿ ñëåäóþùèìè ïðèíöèïàìè: â ñèòóàöèè
êðèòè÷åñêîãî îòñóòñòâèÿ ôèíàíñîâûõ âîçìîæíîñòåé, ìîæíî óñòàíàâëèâàòü äåøåâûé íå îðèãèíàë. Íî íóæíî ïîíèìàòü, ÷òî âñêîðå ñíîâà ïîòðåáóåòñÿ
çàìåíà ýòèõ äåòàëåé. ñëó÷àå, åñëè Âû ïëàíèðóåòå äîëãî ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòü àâòîìîáèëü è äëÿ Âàñ âàæíà áåçîïàñíîñòü, íàäåæíîñòü è êîìôîðò,
ìû ðåêîìåíäóåì îñòàíîâèòü ñâîé âûáîð íà îðèãèíàëüíûõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòÿõ. Íå îðèãèíàëüíûå çàï÷àñòè óðîâíÿ îðèãèíàëüíûõ ñòîÿò ïðèìåðíî òàêèõ æå
äåíåã, à èíîãäà äàæå äîðîæå.
Ìèô î òîì, ÷òî äåëàþò âåçäå îäèíàêîâàÿ, çà÷åì ïëàòèòü áîëüøå?Ïðè âûáîðå ñåðâèñà äëÿ îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ñâîåãî Âîëüâî êëèåíòû ÷àñòî óêîâîäñòâóþòñÿ
ïàðàìåòðîì öåíû. ×åì äåøåâëå – òåì ëó÷øå. Íå âñåãäà ïîãîíÿ çà ñàìîé íèçêîé öåíîé ïðèâîäèò ê æåëàåìîìó ðåçóëüòàòó.Àâòîìîáèëè Âîëüâî èìåþò
äîâîëüíî ñëîæíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ. Ïðè ðåìîíòå íåîáõîäèìî ÷åòêî ñëåäîâàòü ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì çàâîäà-èçãîòîâèòåëÿ. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ðàçáîðíî-
ñáîðî÷íûõ ðàáîò èìåþò îñîáóþ âàæíîñòü. Òàêèå òåõíè÷åñêèå äàííûå, êàê ìîìåíòû çàòÿæêè, óãëû äîâîðîòà áîëòîâ, äåòàëè îäíîðàçîâîãî ìîíòàæà –
èíôîðìàöèÿ, áåç êîòîðîé íåâîçìîæíî âûïîëíèòü ðåìîíò êà÷åñòâåííî.Îïûò ðàáîòû ñ àâòîìîáèëÿìè øâåäñêîé ìàðêè èìååò áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå. Îïûòíûé
ñïåöèàëèñò ñìîæåò áûñòðî îïðåäåëèòü ïî ïåðâûì ñèìïòîìàì íåèñïðàâíîñòü. Ýòî ïîçâîëèò Âàì ñýêîíîìèòü âðåìÿ. À â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ èïîìîæåò
èçáåæàòü ãëîáàëüíûõ òðàò îò ñèëüíûõ ïîëîìîê.Ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûé ñåðâèñ Âîëüâî ïðåäïîëàãàåò ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ïîäõîäèò ïðè ðåìîíòå è
îáñëóæèâàíèè àâòîìîáèëåé øâåäñêîé ìàðêè. Äëÿ ýòîãî ìû èñïîëüçóåì êà÷åñòâåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå, êîòîðîå ïîäõîäèò äëÿ ðåìîíòíûõ ðàáîò äàííîé
êàòåãîðèè àâòîìîáèëåé. Íåîáõîäèìûé ïåðå÷åíü îðèãèíàëüíûõ ñïåöèíñòðóìåíòîâ, íàëè÷èå ñêëàäà îðèãèíàëüíûõ çàïàñíûõ ÷àñòåé ïîçâîëÿåò íàì
îïåðàòèâíî âûïîëíÿòü ðåìîíò è òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå Âàøåãî Âîëüâî áûñòðî, êà÷åñòâåííî è ñ ïåðâîãî ðàçà.Êîìïàíèÿ Castrol ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì
èç êëþ÷åâûõ ïàðòíåðîì êîìïàíèè Volvo Cars. Ñîâìåñòíî ñ Castrol ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ñìàçûâàþùèå ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà ñîâðåìåííûõ äâèãàòåëåé
è àãðåãàòîâ ëåãêîâûõ àâòîìîáèëåé Volvo.Ñòîèò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñîâðåìåííûå äâèãàòåëè Volvo ïðåäúÿâëÿþò ñàìûå âûñîêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ ê êà÷åñòâó
èñïîëüçóåìîãî ìàñëà.Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ âÿçêîñòü ìàñëà äëÿ Volvo 0w30. È ìíîãèå âëàäåëüöû ïðè ïîêóïêå ìàñëà ðóêîâîäñòâóþòñÿ
èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ýòèì ïàðàìåòðîì. Ýòî íå ñîâñåì ïðàâèëüíî, ïîñêîëüêó ïîìèìî âÿçêîñòè áîëüøóþ ðîëü èãðàåò òàêæå è êà÷åñòâî ìàñëà.
Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ äâèãàòåëÿ ñ ìàñëîì, íåñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì òðåáîâàíèÿì çàâîäà-èçãîòîâèòåëÿ, ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê ïðåæäåâðåìåííîìó âûõîäó åãî èç ñòðîÿ.
Ñîãëàñíî êëàññèôèêàöèè Àññîöèàöèè Åâðîïåéñêèõ Ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé Àâòîìîáèëåé ACEA, òðåáîâàíèÿ ñëåäóþùèå: A1/B1, A5/B5.Ïî òåõíè÷åñêîé
äîêóìåíòàöèè äàííîå ìàñëî èìååò ñëåäóþùåå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíèå:ñòîéêèå ê ìåõàíè÷åñêîé äåñòðóêöèè ìàñëà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñ
óâåëè÷åííûìè èíòåðâàëàìè çàìåíû ìàñëà â âûñîêîôîðñèðîâàííûõ áåíçèíîâûõ è äèçåëüíûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ ëåãêèõ òðàíñïîðòíûõ ñðåäñòâ, â êîòîðûõ
âîçìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàëîâÿçêèõ ìàñåë, ñíèæàþùèõ òðåíèå, ñ äèíàìè÷åñêîé âÿçêîñòüþ ïðè âûñîêîé òåìïåðàòóðå è âûñîêîé ñêîðîñòè ñäâèãà
(HTHS) îò 2,9 äî 3,5 ìÏà•ñ. Ýòè ìàñëà ìîãóò áûòü íå ïðèãîäíû äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ äâèãàòåëåé. Íåîáõîäèìî ðóêîâîäñòâîâàòüñÿ èíñòðóêöèåé
ïî ýêñïëóàòàöèè è ñïðàâî÷íèêàìè.Ñîãëàñíî êëàññèôèêàöèè ìîòîðíûõ ìàñåë API (API Engine Service Classification System), òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìàñëó
Volvo ñëåäóþùèå: SL/CF.Òàêîé ñòàíäàðò êà÷åñòâà ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ìàñëî îáëàäàåò ñòàáèëüíûìè ýíåðãîñáåðåãàþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè ïîíèæåííîé ëåòó÷åñòüþ
óäëèíåííûìè èíòåðâàëàìè çàìåíû — ìîæåò ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ â äèçåëüíûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì ñåðû â òîïëèâå 0,5% è âûøå Â ñîâðåìåííûõ
äâèãàòåëÿõ Âîëüâî ïîêîëåíèÿ Drive—e èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìàñëî âÿçêîñòüþ 0W20 è ñòàíäàðòîì êà÷åñòâà VCC RBS0-2AE. Ñóùåñòâóåò 2 áðåíäà äàííîãî ìàñëà
: îðèãèíàëüíîå Âîëüâî è ìàñëî êîìïàíèè Castrol.Ïðè âûáîðå ìàñëà äëÿ Âàøåãî Âîëüâî íå ñòîèò çàáûâàòü î òîì, ÷òî ëèíåéêà ìîòîðíûõ ìàñåë
Castrol ðàçðàáîòàíî ñîâìåñòíî ñ êîìïàíèåé Âîëüâî ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âîëüâî èìåþò î÷åíü âûñîêèé ñòàíäàðò êà÷åñòâà
ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííîå ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âîëüâî Ñastrol Edge Professional òðóäíî íàéòè â îáû÷íîì ìàãàçèíå, ò.ê. íå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ
ðîçíè÷íîé ïðîäàæè. Îíî ïðîäàåòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ó îôèöèàëüíûõ äèëåðîâ, ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ñåðâèñíûõ öåíòðàõ Âîëüâî è ìàãàçèíàõ.
ïðàâèëüíî ïîäáèðàéòå ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âàøåãî Âîëüâî, ðóêîâîäñòâóÿñü âûøåóêàçàííûìè òåõíè÷åñêèìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè. Êîìïàíèÿ Castrol
ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç êëþ÷åâûõ ïàðòíåðîì êîìïàíèè Volvo Cars. Ñîâìåñòíî ñ Castrol ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ñìàçûâàþùèå ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà
ñîâðåìåííûõ äâèãàòåëåé è àãðåãàòîâ ëåãêîâûõ àâòîìîáèëåé Volvo.Ñòîèò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñîâðåìåííûå äâèãàòåëè Volvo ïðåäúÿâëÿþò ñàìûå âûñîêèå
òðåáîâàíèÿ ê êà÷åñòâó èñïîëüçóåìîãî ìàñëà.Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ âÿçêîñòü ìàñëà äëÿ Volvo 0w30. È ìíîãèå âëàäåëüöû ïðè ïîêóïêå ìàñëà
ðóêîâîäñòâóþòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ýòèì ïàðàìåòðîì. Ýòî íå ñîâñåì ïðàâèëüíî, ïîñêîëüêó ïîìèìî âÿçêîñòè áîëüøóþ ðîëü èãðàåò òàêæå è êà÷åñòâî
ìàñëà. Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ äâèãàòåëÿ ñ ìàñëîì, íåñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì òðåáîâàíèÿì çàâîäà-èçãîòîâèòåëÿ, ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê ïðåæäåâðåìåííîìó âûõîäó åãî
èç ñòðîÿ.Ñîãëàñíî êëàññèôèêàöèè Àññîöèàöèè Åâðîïåéñêèõ Ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé Àâòîìîáèëåé ACEA, òðåáîâàíèÿ ñëåäóþùèå: A1/B1, A5/B5.Ïî òåõíè÷åñêîé
äîêóìåíòàöèè äàííîå ìàñëî èìååò ñëåäóþùåå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíèå:ñòîéêèå ê ìåõàíè÷åñêîé äåñòðóêöèè ìàñëà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñ
óâåëè÷åííûìè èíòåðâàëàìè çàìåíû ìàñëà â âûñîêîôîðñèðîâàííûõ áåíçèíîâûõ è äèçåëüíûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ ëåãêèõ òðàíñïîðòíûõ ñðåäñòâ, â êîòîðûõ
âîçìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìàëîâÿçêèõ ìàñåë, ñíèæàþùèõ òðåíèå, ñ äèíàìè÷åñêîé âÿçêîñòüþ ïðè âûñîêîé òåìïåðàòóðå è âûñîêîé ñêîðîñòè ñäâèãà
(HTHS) îò 2,9 äî 3,5 ìÏà•ñ. Ýòè ìàñëà ìîãóò áûòü íå ïðèãîäíû äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ äâèãàòåëåé. Íåîáõîäèìî ðóêîâîäñòâîâàòüñÿ èíñòðóêöèåé
ïî ýêñïëóàòàöèè è ñïðàâî÷íèêàìè.Ñîãëàñíî êëàññèôèêàöèè ìîòîðíûõ ìàñåë API (API Engine Service Classification System), òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìàñëó
volvo ñëåäóþùèå: SL/CF.Òàêîé ñòàíäàðò êà÷åñòâà ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ìàñëî îáëàäàåò ñòàáèëüíûìè ýíåðãîñáåðåãàþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè
ïîíèæåííîé ëåòó÷åñòüþ óäëèíåííûìè èíòåðâàëàìè çàìåíû — ìîæåò ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ â äèçåëüíûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì ñåðû â òîïëèâå 0,5% è
âûøå  ñîâðåìåííûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ Âîëüâî ïîêîëåíèÿ Drive—e èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìàñëî âÿçêîñòüþ 0W20 è ñòàíäàðòîì êà÷åñòâà VCC RBS0-2AE. Ñóùåñòâóåò
áðåíäà äàííîãî ìàñëà: îðèãèíàëüíîå Âîëüâî è ìàñëî êîìïàíèè Castrol.Ïðè âûáîðå ìàñëà äëÿ Âàøåãî Âîëüâî íå ñòîèò çàáûâàòü î òîì, ÷òî
ëèíåéêà ìîòîðíûõ ìàñåë Castrol ðàçðàáîòàíî ñîâìåñòíî ñ êîìïàíèåé Âîëüâî ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âîëüâî èìåþò î÷åíü âûñîêèé ñòàíäàðò êà÷åñòâà
ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííîå ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âîëüâî Ñastrol Edge Professional òðóäíî íàéòè â îáû÷íîì ìàãàçèíå, ò.ê. íå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ
ðîçíè÷íîé ïðîäàæè. Îíî ïðîäàåòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ó îôèöèàëüíûõ äèëåðîâ, ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ñåðâèñíûõ öåíòðàõ Âîëüâî è ìàãàçèíàõ. ïðàâèëüíî
ïîäáèðàéòå ìàñëî äëÿ äâèãàòåëåé Âàøåãî Âîëüâî, ðóêîâîäñòâóÿñü âûøåóêàçàííûìè òåõíè÷åñêèìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè.Ñîâðåìåííûå àâòîìîáèëè Âîëüâî
èìåþò ìåæñåðâèñíûé èíòåðâàë 20 000 êèëîìåòðîâ èëè îäèí ðàç â ãîä. Ýòà ïåðèîäè÷íîñòü îáñëóæèâàíèÿ äîñòàòî÷íà äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ïîääåðæèâàòü
ñâîé Âîëüâî â ôîðìå.Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòû äèàãíîñòèðóþò òåêóùèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè, âûÿâëÿþò áóäóùèå
íåèñïðàâíîñòü íà íà÷àëüíîé ñòàäèè. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò ñýêîíîìèòü íà äîðîãîñòîÿùåì ðåìîíòå óçëîâ è àãðåãàòîâ.Ñòîèò òàêæå îòìåòèòü, ÷òî óñëîâèÿ
ýêñïëóàòàöèè â Ðîññèè îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò Åâðîïåéñêèõ.  íàøåé ñòðàíå äîâîëüíî áîëüøîé ïåðåïàä òåìïåðàòóð, àãðåññèâíàÿ âíåøíÿÿ ñðåäà, à òàêæå
÷àñòî îáðàçîâûâàþòñÿ çàòðóäíåíèÿ äîðîæíîãî äâèæåíèÿ.Ó÷èòûâàÿ âñå ýòî, ìû ðåêîìåíäóåì ïðîèçâîäèòü çàìåíó ìàñëà â ÄÂÑ ÷àùå, äåëàòü ýòî ðàç
â äåñÿòü òûñÿ÷ êèëîìåòðîâ. È òàêæå ñ÷èòàåì àêòóàëüíûì ïðîâîäèòü êîìïëåêñíóþ ïðîâåðêó àâòîìîáèëÿ ïåðåä ëåòíèì è çèìíèì ñåçîíîì.
Ïîñêîëüêó ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ àâòîìîáèëÿ â ýòè âðåìåíà ãîäà èìååò íåêîòîðûå îñîáåííîñòè, íóæíî ÷òîáû Âàø Âîëüâî áûë ê íèì ãîòîâ.
|
|
Back to top |
|
|
You can post new topics in this forum You can reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in this forum You cannot vote in polls in this forum
|
fora.pl - za³ó¿ w³asne forum dyskusyjne za darmo
Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group. Theme Designed By ArthurStyle
| |