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Provide farmers with basic and secure public goods


First, to provide farmers with basic and guaranteed both the urgency of public goods, but also realistic

1, for farmers and guaranteed to provide basic public goods that China's agriculture and the entire national economy has entered a new phase of the objective requirements. 50 years since the 20th century, China's urban and rural public goods supply has been operating division of the Provide farmers with basic and secure public goods conducive to breaking the basic pattern of urban-rural divide and conquer, is conducive to promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, but also conducive to the Party's basic rural policies and adapt the process of reform and development. Since reform and opening, the party in the rural household contract responsibility system introduced to the basic policy of focusing on the rural historic breakthrough in reform and development, resulting in a major role. Into the 90's, with the establishment of market mechanisms, agriculture as a weak industry, as vulnerable groups of farmers under the market economy in a very disadvantageous position. Thus, it should be because of the situation and change, constantly breaking the established pattern of urban-rural divide and conquer, the implementation of urban and rural development, encourage and support large numbers of surplus rural labor to urban shift. Would be very difficult to solve farmers income, agricultural development, rural stability. That is, the market economy, to break the resolve public goods. And, after 20 years of sustained and rapid economic growth, countries initially have the capacity to address the issue and conditions.
2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to provide farmers with basic and secure public goods, be people-oriented, giving priority to farmers to survive, the development of basic security issues. Traditional urban-rural divide and conquer policy framework and institutional arrangements based on the Our Constitution provides that PRC citizens in old age, illness or loss of the ability to work the case from the state and society the right to material assistance. National development rights for the citizens to enjoy the required social insurance, social relief and medical and health undertakings. In fact, the farmers due to SARS crisis, forcing us to think deeply human development, social development and economic development relationship. The final analysis, economic and social development is to human development, to give people a greater and more effective As the practice of reform and development of some bias, some of the rural social development has witnessed a very prominent issue, especially in rural public health is staggering. In 1993, the National Rural Health costs account for 34.9% of total health expenditure in 1998 was 24.9%, 5-year dropped by 10 percentage points. 1998 National was 377.6 billion yuan of total health expenditure, of which government investment was 58.72 billion yuan for rural health expenditure was 92.5 billion yuan, accounting for only 15.9% of government investment, 500 million urban population to enjoy the national public health and medical investment is 800 million rural population 6 times. Provide farmers with basic and secure public goods is to people-oriented, giving priority to farmers to survive, the basic problems facing the development.
3, entered a new stage of rural reform, an important task. At present, China's rural reform has entered a coordinated development of urban and rural areas as a new stage of comprehensive reform goals. To step by step in the reform establishing a unified labor market, urban and rural compulsory education and public health, and gradually establish urban and rural social security system, and gradually establish agricultural safeguard mechanism to completely change the long-standing urban-rural dual structure of division system.
Second, as soon as the establishment of rural minimum living security system
1, to establish a rural minimum living standard security system to meet the needs of farmers in the most basic public goods, is to protect farmers as citizens have the right to life should be the minimum requirement. Minimum living security system is the world's most market economies generally implemented to safeguard the fundamental right of all citizens for the purpose of the social assistance system. Minimum living security system as a remedial mechanism to solve the problem of poverty is all modern countries, essential to the social security system in the basic component of the social security system in the last Since 1997, China gradually established some rural minimum living security system, to the end of May 2002, the national minimum living of the rural population by 338 million people, about one-tenth of the rural poor around the object of enjoyment Most of the loss of working capacity of the five guarantees, and the disabled. That is to say, the rural minimum living security system, but also with the characteristics of social assistance. In the rural areas to establish a minimum living standard security system, urban and rural areas is conducive to resolving conflicts, and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas is conducive to resolving rural poverty.
2, China has formed a rural minimum living standard security system to establish the material basis. First, China's overall national strength significantly increased, gradually increase the fiscal revenue for the establishment of rural minimum living standard security system provides the material security; the second is a long time we carried out in towns and workers living in difficult social relief grant work, worked out a way to establishment of the rural minimum living security system to create a good working basis; third is the more developed provinces such as Zhejiang Province has started to build this system, which will set up all over the country to provide rural minimum living standard security system experience. Various circumstances that, as long as the determined, and the reality from the provinces, the standard appropriate to broaden financing channels, meticulous organization, initially established in the national minimum living security system in rural areas can be achieved.
3, the rural minimum living standards and local economic development to adapt to the situation. From China's basic national conditions, the establishment of rural minimum living allowance system should be the main provinces, the central government to support it. Provinces can set up different security line, developed areas can be higher in poor areas can be lower. Standard reference to the local residents to maintain the minimum required for basic living expenses to determine. The central government should increase transfer payments to impoverished areas. Should be worked out as soon as possible all over the rural minimum living standard security system of the rules, to enhance its operability.
Third, establish and improve the rural basic public health security system
1, public health is a human survival and development of the basic requirements of the modern citizen should enjoy the most basic public goods. At present, protection of rural public health system is very fragile. 80 years since the 20th century, the disintegration of rural cooperative medical care system, the basic, most farmers have become their own expense, the medical group. Income of the farmers are not keeping pace as medical costs rose faster, more number of poor farmers in the more prominent the issue of coverage. For the majority of farmers, To make a genuine and lasting poverty of farmers, must be the establishment of rural public health protection system as a systematic project diligently.
2, rural public health is a basic public goods, requires state financial support. Current public health in rural areas there are two main problems: First, the rural health infrastructure is backward, the lower level of medical treatment. Second, the existing fees and charges from the medical institutions of the rural economy. Prices of medical and pharmaceutical prices are based on the city's standard-setting. Farmers and urban residents in the income gap between the actual situation of 1:6, farmers and urban residents, to pay the price of health care costs, the farmers, urban residents can not enjoy medical insurance, the majority of farmers can not afford it anyway medical care the economic burden of the price level. How to form a line with rural reality of rural cooperative medical system is the protection of rural public health an important prerequisite. States should establish and improve rural health special transfer payment system and increase investment in rural public health efforts. In addition, the state should formulate policies to encourage urban medical personnel to rural areas, to prevent the rural medical brain drain.
3, illness prevention should focus on rural areas to establish a major illness, serious illness of social co-ordination mechanism. Pose the greatest threat to the survival of farmers are some of serious illness and serious illness, these diseases tend to spend the savings of farmers for several years, or even go borrowing. This part of the medical costs should be included in social planning as soon as possible, so that the whole society to pay, scattered farmers face health risks.
4, to reform the existing health management system in rural areas. China has adopted is now under hierarchical management levels of government to the county (city)-based rural health management system. Despite the establishment of rural county, township and village health service network, but in rural areas, almost all government funds invested in the county, township health institutions, the health situation and the farmers can not meet consumption patterns. It is understood that in rural areas, nearly 60% of the out-patient services are provided by village clinics or private clinics, and only about 1 / 4 provided by the township hospitals. State Council on Further Strengthening Rural Health Work's decision, village health administrative department given responsibility for health prevention and health care tasks, but on the financial support of village-level health institutions rarely, which makes the most basic village-level health institutions do not exist. Reconstruction of the village cooperative medical care system has become the focus of the construction of rural public health.
5, to migrant workers as soon as possible into the urban public health, medical security system. Increasing number of rural labor into the cities, the big trend. For this reason, migrant workers in the public health protection is an urgent need to address the problem. Should pay close attention to the formulation of relevant rules, for example, by living in rural and urban segments of time, and other standards to determine the need to accelerate the reform of household registration system, and in fact has long
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