nlwxpearo
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 Posted: Tue 22:33, 18 Jan 2011 Post subject: Safeguards in the application of international tra |
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Safeguards in the application of international trade
On,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], involving an amount of 060 million U.S. dollars. ~ Since 1987 China-related security measures since the case abroad, up to October 2006, foreign to China from 71 cases of safeguard measures. Among them, 27 cases before the WTO, accession to the WTO for the 44 cases, an increase of 63%. From the sponsors point of view, mainly the United States, Turkey, India, Russia, the Philippines, Ecuador; view from the products involved, mainly for our metal products, steel, agricultural products, textiles, light industrial and so on. China has become the main victim of the global safeguard measures. China's export products in addition to security measures by the foreign, but also subject to special safeguard measures against China's restrictions. Since joining the WTO,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], China's special security involving more and more cases have been the United States,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], India, Peru and other products for a number of safeguard measures from the survey. The reason why China's exports frequently safeguards and special safeguard measures, mainly due to the following aspects: 1. Global trade protectionism. In recent years, the global economic slowdown, many countries and regions relative surplus production capacity, industry downturn, both developed and developing countries, their domestic industries are facing greater competitive pressures, leading to trade protectionism. To protect domestic industries and employment, under pressure from domestic interest groups, WTO members to have adopted many anti-dumping, safeguard measures and other means to protect the interests of domestic industries. 2. Export market is too concentrated. To reduce the export dependent countries and regions, China in the 20th century, the early 90s on the implementation of the export market diversification strategy, but all these years, China's export market is too focused on the phenomenon has not fundamentally changed. China's export products are still concentrated in the United States, European Union, Hong Kong, Japan, ASEAN and other countries and regions. These countries and regions, China accounted for more than 75% of total exports. Export markets are too concentrated on these countries and regions have had a great impact on industry, leading to frequent these countries export products to China to launch anti-dumping and safeguard investigations. 3. Non-market economy status. China's market economy status is a non-accession to the WTO, to the present, most countries still regard the international non-market economy in China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and special protection measures are often aimed at non-market economy. And special safeguard measures against China's one-way, that our country can not due to the sanctions imposed safeguard measures take immediate retaliatory measures, to take corresponding retaliatory measures after at least 2-3 years, which undoubtedly reduced our retaliatory capability. This is the special safeguard measures in China suffered a major reason. 4. WTO, the competitiveness of our products further. WTO accession, China's exports enjoy in the multilateral tariff reductions due to the results and their own resources and the cost advantages and competitiveness into the ~ further increase, leading to surge in exports, declining competitiveness of the importing country's industry caused by tremendous pressure. The countries concerned to protect the declining international competitiveness and maintain the relevant interests of domestic industries, will take a variety of trade protection measures such as anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures, and safeguard measures under the WTO allow fair trade to legitimate the only ~ means of protection. And with the anti-dumping, countervailing items compared to safeguard the boot process is relatively simple, the operation is relatively simple, resulting in foreign countries on the increase in the number of safeguards. 5. Exports more labor-intensive products with low value-added and capital-intensive simple processing products. Although many of our export products, but mostly labor-intensive products with low value-added and capital-intensive simple processed products, because of its low cost and the large number of exports, it is easy to impact on the industry of other countries. To protect their own industries and jobs, these countries will launch safeguard measures on China and other trade remedy investigations. Security measures are double-edged sword. Although the implementation of security measures can reduce imports and protect domestic industries affected, so that the impact of industrial products subject to price increases, but other domestic industries, especially the cost of downstream industries will rise. This not only weakened the competitiveness of downstream products, which will create effective demand is insufficient, damaged the interests of consumers and other issues. In addition,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if counter-measures taken by exporting countries, the interests of the importing country will suffer. This requires importing countries to decide whether to implement safeguard measures must be multi-disciplinary situation, trade-offs. Not only to consider the upgrading of industries, industry level of protection, comparative advantage industry, the training and the improvement of industrial competitiveness, but also consider the foreign reflect the interests of domestic consumers, the interests of downstream manufacturers. �� - 33 - 20f;
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