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American Standard Testing and certification status and problems


Establishment of the Commission or the semi-official establishment of the Federation, through the private sector and public sector communication of information, this work may be implemented. Inspection and certification of the U.S. inspection and certification is the U.S. free market economy in the world the unique important factor. Total Jiu mostly comes from the certification to meet market and business requirements, but also a key part of government management and regulation tasks. Certification testing is the key to the United States to ensure impartiality. This is the United States engaged in the inspection and certification Sheng large organizations - Underwriters Laboratories \UL logo can be either a national commitment of the proof based on the National Electrical Code. UL also for many other public and private organizations to test security requirements. UL is the United States Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (0SHA) specify the recognized national testing laboratory. UL and 0SHA test specified by another private monopoly to keep the current challenges by other commercial laboratories. To be as fast as some of its experimental satisfied. X. 0SHA recognized range. Safety,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], health, environmental protection, communications,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], transport and consumer protection should be the formulation of government inspection and certification program. Inspection and certification by the hundreds of mostly high-level business operations and specialized laboratories. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Aviation Administration, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the U.S. Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Housing Urban and other units to implement mandatory certification program. The United States in product testing, standards compliance, laboratory accreditation, recognition of test results, quality assessment and proper use of the standard did not solve the problem. The problem is that executive function may not, but the lack of a basic function of the United States to deal with such complex and contradictory issues. Developed a dual function should be the ideal way: on the one hand to make the country of certification, testing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], accreditation requirements of quality assessment to meet the needs of the world market, on the other hand in the existing international certification, testing, accreditation and quality assessment Plan and set up between the European Community and other regional plan \No third party. ~ rlOO more important with the fairness of the testing organization, a variety of certification, accreditation programs. In the U.S., there are two concepts of Laboratory Accreditation First, the Government (Ministry of Commerce) National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Scheme | other One is personal recognition. by a government agency or private organization and management, at the same time to participate in product certification laboratory accreditation system of 22 100. At present, only small-scale organizations engaged in quality assessment. American Association of Quality Management (ASQC) developed a plan accordingly. August 1989 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and the British Standards Institute (BSI) signed a memorandum of understanding, mutual recognition of quality systems evaluation results of factory. requires the Government to establish a just and comprehensive certification organizations to play a strong leadership role, while the organization financially and technically support, form a national certification system as an interim measure. depends on Congress a statutory inspection and certification of whether to take the necessary measures. In a hearing on the legal standards, testing and certification issues and new laws may be relevant. but not made explicit in the administrative instructions, including proposed legislation before the Congress is not acceptable. It should be emphasized that the United States with an effective, often with a standard market mechanism developed system. so there must be inspection, certification, accreditation and quality assessment system. the United States and Europe will not be interested in the same mode. capsular first child Tam sale DINMit.1090, № a, 141 ~ 143 Institute of Standards and Technology Postdoctoral Selected projects ( curse degrees and pressure at the film need to pass Sheng ■ understand the physical mechanism controlling the performance of various physical phenomena in thin film devices. amorphous dielectric films, including the determination of the characteristics of transport phenomena, such as to clarify thermal mechanism, Schottky emission,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as traps and impurity effects. measurements of various system parameters, such as the interface barrier height, a large number of activation energy and trap density. granular metal films and amorphous semiconductor materials,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], thermal conductivity and electrical resistance properties is also a sense of interest issues. The Department has the application of various deposition sensor manufacturing equipment, including multi-source electron beam deposition, RF sputtering and thermal evaporation techniques. Xinjiang Medical palm test now widely used in the medical department of a small temperature sensor Characteristics of great interest. Now is the platinum resistance thermometer with a thermistor and the diode, etc. to determine the characteristics of the sensor. Other issues of interest in liquid crystal research and thermoelectric temperature single crystal studies. For a 10 ~ 150 ℃ precision fixed-point between the temperature range and its simple detection method of 23

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